1) Gravity and
energy relationship
1.1) Issue of the origin of gravity goes
through the philosophical approach to the anthropological nature of this
property of matter, since the universe would not exist, at least as we know it,
if gravity did not exist. Without gravity, we would at best be a gaseous mass
evenly distributed in the universe.
That said, we can conclude that gravity is a property
of matter. Considering the equivalence between matter and energy, we can say
that gravity is in fact the property of energy to concentrate, since other
forms of energy, such as light, dark matter and black holes, are affected by
gravity, but, in theory, are not considered matter.
1.2) Antimatter
Antimatter behavior is not yet a consensus in the
scientific community, especially if it attracts or repels normal matter.
If matter and antimatter repels, there would be antimatter
superclusters equally spread in the universe, as well there are matter
superclusters.
“Given that most of the mass of antinuclei comes from
the strong force that binds quarks together, physicists think it unlikely that
antimatter experiences an opposite gravitational force to matter. Nevertheless,
precise measurements of the free fall of antiatoms could reveal subtle
differences that would open an important crack in our current understanding.”[1]
https://home.cern/news/news/experiments/aegis-track-test-free-fall-antimatter
“Given that most of the mass of antinuclei comes from massless gluons that bind their constituent quarks, physicists think it unlikely that antimatter experiences an opposite gravitational force to matter and therefore “falls up”. Nevertheless, precise measurements of the free fall of antiatoms could reveal subtle differences that would open an important crack in current understanding.”[2]
https://cerncourier.com/a/aegis-on-track-to-test-freefall-of-antimatter/
In the beginning of each universe cycle, matter and
antimatter does not annihilate due to scattering and its repellent behavior. On
the other hand, matter attracts matter and antimatter attracts antimatter. In
this scenario, small anisotropies initiate the progressive concentration of
matter and antimatter that resulted in what exists in the universe today, and
that predicts the existence of antimatter super clusters somewhere. Behavior of
the universe is characterized by symmetry, so it is a “sine qua non” question
to admit this behavior.
The total energy of the universe
should be null, if we assume that energy of antimatter is negative, but in the
real world, energy can’t be negative, as well both negative and positive
electric charge produce positive energy in every possible combinations, ++,+-,
or --.
In this scenario, we can conclude
that positive energy attracts positive energy, negative energy attracts
negative energy, and positive energy repels negative energy.
1.3) Free
space energy
Free space energy or vacuum energy one of the biggest
mystery in humanity's current time.
In 2014, NASA published studies indicating that the
density of the universe would be 9.9 x 10-27 kg/m3. [9]
Of this density, the breakdown would be:
Ordinary matter: 4.6 % = 4.55 x 10-28 kg/m3
Cold dark matter: 24 % = 2.38 x 10-27 kg/m3
Dark energy: 24 % = 7.07 x 10-27 kg/m3
https://wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_matter.html
Dark energy is not part of our study because it is a
crutch to keep up the theory of the expanding universe and the big bang going,
so we must keep only the values of the ordinary matter and the dark matter.
Then the total density of the universe would be about 2.83
x 10-27 kg/m3, and ordinary matter 4.55 x 10-28
kg/m3, equivalent to about 16%, and the cold dark matter 2.38 x 10-27
kg/m3, equivalent to about 84%.
Free space energy density is not constant. Energy tends
to come together, but there are restrictions for that to happen. To come together
energy must become matter (or antimatter), because matter gives volume to the
atom, that prevents two atoms from occupying the same space.
Energy of matter and antimatter does not come from
nothing, it comes from free space, so, free space is full of energy.
Once matter is created, the condition is created for
the gathering of matter to take place, even if later this matter is transformed
into pure energy, as in black holes and dark matter.
The more matter
created, the lower the energy of free space, and the faster the speed of light.
When the speed of light increases, the energy of
matter increases, due the shrinking behavior of the electron shells of the
atoms, and the raise of the Coulomb constant.
The vibrational energy of the electron shells are
exactly equivalent to the potential energy of the electron in that distance,
but with a positive value. This energy also comes from free space. It is
noteworthy that the Coulomb constant "ke" also increases with the increasing
speed of light.
ke is exactly c2(10)-7 kg m3 s−2 C−2
The shell radius of hydrogen in the ground state is
exactly twice the Bohr radius.
1.4) Dark
matter
Dark Matter is just the
variation of the energy of free space, or vacuum.
It is called dark "matter", because we
believe that gravitational attraction is an exclusive property of matter, but
in fact, it is a property of energy, for example, light, black hole and kinetic
energy are types of energy subject to the action of gravity. The adjective
"dark" occurs due to the lack of knowledge of its origin.
The systematic error is to think that free space has
constant energy density everywhere every time. In reality, we are confused by
the fact that we can only measure energy density differences between one region
and another, but we have not, until now, been able to measure the total energy
density of free space in a region.
Dark matter plays the role of the energy density of
free space. The destructive interference of electromagnetic waves contributes
to raise the energy of free space. This rise in energy is locally, but spread
and vanishes soon due the dynamical movement of everything. We only notice the
difference from one region to the other of this energy, which we call
"dark energy".
This behavior can be easily verified in the experiment carried out by “Louis Rancourt & Philip J. Tattersall”[4] in which the weight of a body is affected by a box of mirrors that reflect light in a zig zag pattern. The weight progressively increases in the direction of the box, as a function of time, indicating an accumulation of energy, which is progressively dissipated when lights are turned off.
references:
1- https://home.cern/news/news/experiments/aegis-track-test-free-fall-antimatter
2- https://home.cern/news/news/experiments/aegis-track-test-free-fall-antimatter
3- https://wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_matter.html
4- https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/apr/article/view/48836
